Leukemia is a type of cancer that starts in the blood-forming tissue of the bone marrow. It’s a common type of cancer in children and adults. The disease leads to the overproduction of abnormal white blood cells, which can interfere with the body’s ability to fight infections.
What is Leukemia?
Leukemia is characterized by the rapid production of abnormal white blood cells, which can interfere with the body’s ability to fight infection and perform other essential functions. There are four main types of leukemia: 1
- acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL),
- acute myeloid leukemia (AML),
- chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and
- chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)
ALL and AML are the most common types of leukemia in children, while CLL and CML are more common in adults.
The exact cause of leukemia is unknown, but certain risk factors have been identified, including exposure to radiation, certain chemicals, and genetic disorders. Treatment for leukemia depends on the type of leukemia, the stage of the disease, and the patient’s overall health. Treatment options may include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, stem cell transplant, and supportive care.
Spotting Leukemia: Early Signs and Symptoms
The early signs and symptoms of leukemia can be vague and nonspecific, which can make diagnosis challenging. Some common early signs and symptoms include: 2
- Fatigue
- Weakness
- Weight loss
- Fever
- Night sweats
- Swollen lymph nodes
- Bleeding or bruising easily
- Bone pain
- Headaches
- Nausea and vomiting
It is important to note that these symptoms can also be caused by other conditions, so it is important to see a doctor if you are experiencing any of these symptoms.
Leukemia Treatment: Options and Outlook
The treatment for leukemia depends on the type of leukemia, the stage of the disease, and the patient’s overall health. Treatment options may include:
- Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy is a type of drug treatment that uses powerful drugs to kill cancer cells. It is the most common treatment for leukemia.
- Radiation therapy: Radiation therapy uses high-energy X-rays or other forms of radiation to kill cancer cells. It is often used in combination with chemotherapy.
- Targeted therapy: Targeted therapy is a type of drug treatment that targets specific molecules or proteins that are involved in the growth and survival of cancer cells. It is often used in combination with chemotherapy and radiation therapy.
- Stem cell transplant: A stem cell transplant is a procedure in which healthy stem cells are transplanted into the patient’s body to replace the diseased stem cells. It is often used in patients with high-risk leukemia.
- Supportive care: Supportive care is a type of treatment that helps to manage the symptoms of leukemia and improve the patient’s quality of life. It may include blood transfusions, antibiotics, pain medication, and nutritional support.
The outlook for patients with leukemia has improved significantly in recent years due to advances in treatment. The five-year survival rate for all types of leukemia is now about 65.7%. 3 The survival rate is higher for children with leukemia than for adults.
Learn More
If you would like to learn more about leukemia, there are many resources available online. Some reputable sources include the American Cancer Society, the National Cancer Institute, and the Leukemia & Lymphoma Society. You can also talk to your doctor or a healthcare professional for more information.